Alfred University : News : NCAA Sports Survey : Appendix II: Data Tables on Athletes Most at Risk

National Survey of Sports Teams

Appendix II: Data Tables on Athletes Most at Risk

At a confidence level of 99 percent, athletes most at risk of being subjected to any kind of hazing for athletics were:

Male (p=.0009)
Non-Greek (p=.0012)
Swimmers or divers (p=.00001)
Soccer players (p=.0083)
Lacrosse players (p=.0016)
In the east or south (p=.0017)
On a rural campus (p=.0016)
On a residential campus (p=.0014)
On a campus with a Greek system (p=.0113)
In a state with no anti-hazing law (p=.0139)

Although a Greek system on campus is a significant predictor of hazing, it is particularly non-Greeks, however, who are most likely to be involved with athletic hazing.

Profile of Athletes Who Were Hazed and Profile of Their Campuses

Gender	%	#
Male	62	155,781
Female	38	96,860
Greek	%	#
Member	11	27,354
Not Member	89	224,261
On Athletic Scholarship	%	#
Yes	36	91,154
No	64	160,799
NCAA Div.	%	#
Division I	41	104,052
Division II	22	55,501
Division III	37	93,088
Ethnicity	%	#
Caucasian	90	226,254
African-American	5	11,516
Other	5	13,752
Region	%	#
East/NE	41	95,153
South	20	47,025
Midwest	20	46,986
West	19	43,848
Residential	%	#
Residential	85	205,998
Commuter	15	34,978
Location	%	#
Urban	32	72,984
Suburban	36	83,678
Rural	32	74,890
Greek System	%	#
Yes	74	184,304
No	26	63,967
State Law In Place	%	#
Yes	92	209,346
No	8	18,067
Type	%	#
Public	41	97,432
Private	59	141,356

When viewing specific groups of athletes, however, we find the picture is somewhat more complex. Using the four groups of athletes defined based on the general severity of their activities, the following tables provide profiles of athletes in each of the four groups:

Acceptable Initiation Activities Only
Questionable Initiation Activities, not clearly unacceptable
Alcohol-related Initiation Activities, not otherwise unacceptable
Unacceptable Initiation Activities, other than alcohol-related

Unacceptable Initiation. At a confidence level of 99 percent, athletes most at risk of being subjected to clearly unacceptable and potentially illegal initiation activities, regardless of the involvement of alcohol, are:

Male (p=.0001)
Swimmers or divers (p=.0001)
Football players (p=.005)
Water polo players (p=.024) (98% confidence level)
In the south or mid-west (p=.009)

Profile of Athletes Who Were Hazed and Profile of Their Campuses

Gender	%	#
Male	60	95,557
Female	40	63,266
Greek	%	#
Member	12	18,264
Not Member	88	140,031
On Athletic Scholarship	%	#
Yes	35	55,983
No	65	102,693
NCAA Div.	%	#
Division I	43	68,003
Division II	20	31,841
Division III	37	58,978
Ethnicity	%	#
Caucasian	94	148,542
African-American	3	4,051
Other	3	5,651
Region	%	#
East/NE	43	63,020
South	18	26,222
Midwest	22	32,899
West	17	25,149
Residential	%	#
Residential	87	131,828
Commuter	13	20,118
Location	%	#
Urban	32	45,770
Suburban	35	51,316
Rural	33	48,334
Greek System	%	#
Yes	76	118,260
No	24	38,231
State Law In Place	%	#
Yes	93	132,232
No	7	10,711
Type	%	#
Public	40	60,803
Private	60	98,679

Questionable Initiations. At a confidence level of 96 percent, athletes most at risk of being subjected to questionable, but not unacceptable, initiation activities were: football players (p=.001) in the south or west (p=.0001).

Profile of Athletes Subjected to Questionable Initiation and Profile of Their Campuses

Gender	%	#
Male	63	135,046
Female	37	80,792
Greek	%	#
Member	10	22,288
Not Member	90	102,736
On Athletic Scholarship	%	#
Yes	37	79,268
No	63	135,882
NCAA Div.	%	#
Division I	41	88,545
Division II	22	48,421
Division III	37	78,873
Ethnicity	%	#
Caucasian	89	191,653
African-American	5	10,637
Other	6	12,428
Region	%	#
East/NE	41	81,736
South	21	41,520
Midwest	20	39,286
West	18	35,831
Residential	%	#
Residential	85	175,417
Commuter	15	30,597
Location	%	#
Urban	32	62,390
Suburban	37	72,754
Rural	32	62,801
Greek System	%	#
Yes	74	157,370
No	26	54,286
State Law In Place	%	#
Yes	92	179,155
No	8	15,534
Type	%	#
Public	41	83,002
Private	59	120,471

Acceptable Initiation. At a confidence level of 99 percent, athletes most apt to be involved in only acceptable initiation were:

Female (p=.014)
Greek members (p=.001)
Track (p=.009)
Fencing (p=.014)
Tennis players (p=.038) (97% confidence level)
In the mid-west or west (p=.039) (97% confidence level)
On commuter campuses (p=.002)
On urban campuses (p=.043) (96% confidence level)

Profile of Athletes Involved in Only Acceptable Initiation and Profile of Their Campuses

Gender	%	#
Male	56	34,707
Female	44	27,180
Greek	%	#
Member	17	10,558
Not Member	83	51,023
On Athletic Scholarship	%	#
Yes	36	22,070
No	64	39,817
NCAA Div.	%	#
Division I	42	25,935
Division II	19	11,598
Division III	39	24,355
Ethnicity	%	#
Caucasian	90	54,906
African-American	4	2,640
Other	6	3,099
Region	%	#
East/NE	32	17,645
South	20	11,060
Midwest	28	15,133
West	20	11,109
Residential	%	#
Residential	81	46,356
Commuter	19	11,018
Location	%	#
Urban	37	19,950
Suburban	34	18,445
Rural	29	15,927
Greek System	%	#
Yes	73	44,941
No	27	16,286
State Law In Place	%	#
Yes	93	50,486
No	7	3,714
Type	%	#
Public	38	21,712
Private	62	35,395

When the use of alcohol, either during recruitment or later in a drinking contest, is considered the dominant factor, the picture shifts again.

Alcohol on Recruitment. At a confidence level of 99 percent, athletes most at risk of consuming alcohol on recruitment were:

On athletic scholarship (p=.0001)
NCAA Division I (p=.0001)
Swimmers or divers (p=.0001)
Lacrosse players (p=.0001)
Football players (p=.0001)
Soccer players (p=.013)
In the east (p=.017)
On rural (p=.005), residential campuses (p=.0001)
In a state with an anti-hazing law (p=.0001)

Profile of NCAA Athletes Consuming Alcohol on Recruitment Visits and Profile of Their Campuses

Gender	%	#
Male	62	83,956
Female	38	52,205
Greek	%	#
Member	14	18,765
Not Member	86	117,227
On Athletic Scholarship	%	#
Yes	42	57,596
No	58	78,194
NCAA Div	%	#
Division I	47	64,285
Division II	20	26,785
Division III	33	45,091
Ethnicity	%	#
Caucasian	93	125,478
African-American	3	4,129
Other	4	5,973
Region	%	#
East/NE	43	55,040
South	20	24,855
Midwest	21	26,932
West	16	20,200
Residential	%	#
Residential	87	113,051
Commuter	13	16,359
Location	%	#
Urban	30	37,218
Suburban	34	41,760
Rural	36	44,257
Greek System	%	#
Yes	80	107,463
No	20	27,112
State Law In Place	%	#
Yes	93	113,977
No	7	8,822
Type	%	#
Public	42	53,282
Private	58	74,664

Drinking Contests for Athletic Team Initiation. At a confidence level of 99 percent, athletes most at risk of being subjected to drinking contests for athletic team initiation were:

Swimmers or divers (p=.0001)
Lacrosse players (p=.0001)
Hockey players (p=.039) (97% confidence level)
In the east (p=.0001)
On rural campuses (p=.032) (97% confidence level)
On residential campuses (p=.0001)
In a state with no anti-hazing law (p=.026)

Profile of Athletes Participating in Drinking Contests for Initiation and Profile of Their Campuses

Gender	%	#
Male	61	66,528
Female	39	42,992
Greek	%	#
Member	11	12,374
Not Member	89	96,859
On Athletic Scholarship	%	#
Yes	38	40,961
No	62	68,189
NCAA Div.	%	#
Division I	38	41,361
Division II	35	37,324
Division III	37	40,835
Ethnicity	%	#
Caucasian	94	102,390
African-American	2	1,700
Other	4	5,018
Region	%	#
East/NE	47	48,214
South	16	16,251
Midwest	19	19,528
West	18	17,896
Residential	%	#
Residential	88	91,560
Commuter	12	12,888
Location	%	#
Urban	32	31,920
Suburban	32	31,350
Rural	36	35,662
Greek System	%	#
Yes	75	80,317
No	25	27,444
State Law In Place	%	#
Yes	91	90,262
No	9	9,436
Type	%	#
Public	41	42,269
Private	59	60,044